Landeskunde im Fremdsprachenunterricht - Prinzipien
der Landeskunde als Teildisziplin von DaF (2)
VIDEO EINFÜGEN
Aufgabe:
Erläutern Sie an den folgenden Beispielen, in wie fern man über die Sprache bzw. über die Art und Weise, wie Menschen kommunizieren, Zugang zu Kultur finden kann!
Beispiel 1
“Friends and Acquaintances
Another facet of the clear compartmentalisation of German social life
is the strong distinction made between Freunde (friends) and Bekannte
(acquaintances). Many of the people American labels “friends” would
not be considered real friends by Germans. A major distinction between
friendship in Germany and in the United States is the degree of
commitment and obligation one has towards friends. In Germany friends
spend more time together and exhibit a higher degree of commitment and
obligation toward one another than do Americans. Mentioning a worry or
potential problem to a friend in the U.S. may get the rather vague and
optimistic response, “Oh, don’t worry, you’ll do fine.” Just hinting
to a German friend that there might be a problem will elicit a series
of concerned and detailed questions as well as sincere offers of help
and support. Such questions may seem intrusive from an American point
of view, but for the German, this willingness to get involved in a
friend’s problems helps define the level of commitment to the
friendship.
Because of this sense of obligation that accompanies friendship,
Germans limit the number of persons they consider Freunde. They
believe that it takes much time and effort to maintain a good
friendship and that it is impossible to have more than a few real
friends. This is also another factor in their seeming aloofness. They
probably already have enough friends and aren’t interested in
extending their social network. For them the American desire to be
popular and to keep as many friends as possible is confusing and seems
superficial. …
A major factor in the differences between friendships in Germany and
in the United States relates to differences in social and geographic
mobility. Because Americans are far more mobile geographically and
meet more new people when they move, they need to make friends
quickly. Not doing so means being lonely. This greater geographic
mobility in the U.S. partly explains why many Americans tend to seek
their friend among those with whom they work or with whom they attend
church. Because Germans separate their private and public lives so
clearly, they rarely seek out friendships among their co-workers, nor
do they often socialize with them.
Germans, being far less mobile than Americans, may live for
generations in the same town, if not the same house. While this has
changed somewhat since World War II, most Germans, as said before, are
still very attached and loyal to the people of their Heimat. This is
one important factor in explaining why many friendships in Germany
have been maintained since childhood or college.
In addition to geographic mobility, social mobility also plays a role
in creating differences in friendship patterns between Germany and the
United States. Americans tend to form friendships on the basis of
common interests, and because Americans tend to define their
identities more in terms of their occupation than do Germans,
work-related interests often determine whom Americans socialize with.
As a person’s job or position changes, so too do that person’s
interest and, consequently, social circle. In the U.S. friendships
tend to form in large loose networks of people. Phrases such as “my
friend from work”, “my bowling friends”, or “my buddies from the bar”
attest to these wide, relaxed network of friend, as do “networking”
and “working a party”. Network in Germany tend to be smaller, more
closed, and more hierarchical than in the U.S. Thus, they limit social
mobility and are less susceptible to entry from outsiders.
Although common interests clearly play a role in German friendships,
more emphasis is placed on the other person’s complete character and
personality and whether he or she is sympathisch (likeable). Rather
than looking at only a narrow spectrum of common interests, Germans
want to get to know the whole person well before they enter into a
friendship. They also want to be able to talk with their friends about
a wide range of topics, in particular about their problems,
irritations, and upsets. And they want to know if the other person is
reliable, trustworthy, and discrete. These character traits are
important because of the sense of obligation that is implicit in
German friendships” (Greg Nees: Germany: Unraveling an Enigma. -
Intercultural Press 2000, pp. 52 –
Beispiel 2
Beispiel 3
Pünktlichkeit und Leben nach der Zeit: http://www.payer.de/kommkulturen/kultur121.htm#1.
Beispiel 4
Proxemik: http://lexikon.stangl.eu/428/proxemik/
Beispiel 5
Schwierigkeiten
deutscher Muttersprachler beim Erlernen des Japanischen (aus
einem Praktikumsbericht - PDF-
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